The Ten Gurus of Sikhism are considered the spiritual and religious leaders of the Sikh community. They are as follows:
Guru Nanak Dev Ji:
Birth: April 15, 1469, Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan)
Family: Father – Kalu Mehta, Mother – Tripta Devi
Guru Designation: 1507 CE
Significant Contributions: Founded Sikhism, initiated the Langar tradition, preached monotheism
Passing: September 22, 1539
Guru Angad Dev Ji:
Birth: March 31, 1504, Matte di Sarai (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Feru Mal, Mother – Mata Rama Devi
Guru Designation: 1539 CE
Significant Contributions: Expanded upon Guru Nanak's teachings, developed the Gurmukhi script
Passing: March 29, 1552
Guru Amar Das Ji:
Birth: May 5, 1479, Basarke (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Tej Bhan Bhalla, Mother – Bakht Kaur
Guru Designation: 1552 CE
Significant Contributions: Established the Manji system, promoted the Langar tradition
Passing: September 1, 1574
Guru Ram Das Ji:
Birth: September 24, 1534, Lahore (now Pakistan)
Family: Father – Haridas Ji, Mother – Daya Kaur
Guru Designation: 1574 CE
Significant Contributions: Founded the city of Amritsar, laid the foundation of the Golden Temple
Passing: September 1, 1581
Guru Arjan Dev Ji:
Birth: April 15, 1563, Goindwal (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Guru Ram Das, Mother – Bibi Bhani
Guru Designation: 1581 CE
Significant Contributions: Compiled the Adi Granth, constructed the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple)
Passing: May 30, 1606 (Martyred)
Guru Hargobind Ji:
Birth: June 19, 1595, Goindwal (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Guru Arjan Dev, Mother – Ganga Devi
Guru Designation: 1606 CE
Significant Contributions: Introduced the tradition of the two swords (Miri and Piri), established the Akal Takht
Passing: February 28, 1644
Guru Har Rai Ji:
Birth: January 16, 1630, Kiratpur Sahib (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Baba Gurditta, Mother – Nihal Kaur
Guru Designation: 1644 CE
Significant Contributions: Propagated Sikhism, contributed to medical practice
Passing: October 6, 1661
Guru Har Krishan Ji:
Birth: July 7, 1656, Kiratpur Sahib (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Guru Har Rai, Mother – Kishan Kaur
Guru Designation: 1661 CE
Significant Contributions: Served those afflicted with illness
Passing: March 30, 1664 (in Delhi from smallpox)
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji:
Birth: April 1, 1621, Amritsar (now Punjab, India)
Family: Father – Guru Hargobind, Mother – Nanaki
Guru Designation: 1664 CE
Significant Contributions: Defended religious freedom, was martyred
Passing: November 24, 1675 (martyred in Delhi)
Guru Gobind Singh Ji:
Birth: December 22, 1666, Patna Sahib (now Bihar, India)
Family: Father – Guru Tegh Bahadur, Mother – Gujari
Guru Designation: 1675 CE
Significant Contributions: Established the Khalsa Panth, instituted the tradition of the Five Beloved Ones
Passing: October 7, 1708 (Nanded, Maharashtra)
These ten Gurus established the principles and traditions of Sikhism, solidifying it as a powerful faith.
